SELF HELP LEARNING

Some Ongoing Projects of Nepal Various projects related to the road system, drinking water, electricity, education, sanitation, health, etc. are being conducted in Nepal. Few of them have already been completed and some of them are on the way for its completion. Some of the examples of such projects are as follows: - Local Drinking Water and Sanitation Project in Western Nepal - launched by Nepal Government - to maintain the quality level of drinking water and sanitation in Dhaulagiri, Gandaki, Lumbini zones of Western Development Region and in Rapti zone of Mid-Western Development Region - with the help of Finland Government. Development of School Area - launched by Nepal Government - in all 75 districts - aims to provide educational materials to the children deprived from quality of education - supported by different donors - The physical development of infrastructure, the establishment of children development centre, curriculum, teachers' training, etc. Dhulikhel-Sin

Drinking Water - basic need of life - impossible to survive withiut it - home for aquatic animal Use of Water -domestic use: drinking, cooking, bathing, cleaning - hydro-electricity - irrigation - transportation - recreation Sources of Water - river, sea, lake, pond, rain, well, tubewell Status of Drinking Water - In Kathmandu, Bir Shamsher made tap water available for the first time. - At present, Drinking Water Corporation is responsible for water supply in the Kathmandu valley. - People in the rural area have to walk a day just to fetch a bucket of water. - the people of cities also can't get water from their taps regularly. - People of the Terai have to depend on the underground water - Poisonous chemical named arsenic has been found in the underground drinking water

Importance of Development Regions and Federal State - Country is divide into different autonomous state or provinces - Separate government - Federal government in centre - Three administrative units: Central Government, State Government, Local Bodies Some of the importance of development regions: - To run the administrative work effectively - To utilize resources maximally - To prevent migration - To participate local people in the mainstream of development - To develop social harmony and national unity Advantages of Federal System: - Federal Government can solve political, social, economic problems of particular regions. - It maintains a close relationship between state and peoples. - It uses the available resources. - Accelerates developmental activities. Carry out proportional development. - It can make its own policy for the welfare of the government. - It maximises the uses of government. - It has room for innovation and experiments. Disadvantages of Federal Sy

Good Governance Governance - the system or manner the government works in - using political power for the management of various affairs of a state is governance - describes the process of decision-making and process by which its decisions are carried out Good governance - decisions are taken and carried out in fair manner - decisions directed towards the promotion of public welfare - political power should be used in favour of people - IMF, ADB or World Bank agree to offer aid and loans on the condition that reforms for good governance Features of Good Governance - Participation - Accountability - Responsiveness - Transparency - Rule of Law - Consensus - Equality and inclusiveness - Effectiveness and efficiency Obstacles of Good Governance in Nepal - Low level of political awareness - Misconception - Poverty - Lack of appropriate policies and programmes - System-based administration - Political instability - Institutional corruption - Lack of enough public pr