Grade X Unit 9 all

Unit 9 Lesson 1

* UNO

- United Nation Organization
- Number of member countries- 193
- Last member- Montenegro.
- Date of establishment- 24th OCT 1945
- No of countries at the time establishment- 51
- Membership by Nepal- 1955, Dec 14th
- Official language English, preach, Chinese, Russian Spanish and Arabic.
- Arabic is the last languages
.
* Atlantic charter

- Treaty signed in the Atlantic Ocean in 1941
- By us president franklin D. Rios event and British PM, western Churchill.
- Organization for collective peace and security in the world during 2nd world war.
- On 26th June 1945
          So countries at San Francisco signed at the charter of UNO
- Successor of the league of nation.
- Aims and objectives of UNO.
- To maintain peace and security in the world.
- To maintain friendly relation among countries.
- To develop social, economic, human right issue.
- To achieve international co-operation in solving several problems.

* Organs of UNO

1. The general Assembly
- The biggest organ of on.
- Works as a parliament.
- A global town hall to put forward the ideas and dieba.

* It is with six committees

i. Legal committee.
ii. Disarmament and international security committee
iii. Social, humanitarian and cultural committee.
iv. Economic and financial committee.
v. Administrative and budgetary committee.
vi. Special and political and decolourization committee.

* Function of general assembly

- Recommending a new member to UNO.
- Conducting elections for different UNO posts.
- Passing budget for UN programme.
- Decision made by majority vote caster by one vote from each member countries.

2. Secretariat
- To rum the daily administration.
- To secretory general (the chief executive officer of the secretariat) elected by the general assembly for sears, reminded by the Security Council
- Additional members-
            Assistants of general secretariat specialists and technical and admmistoative staff

* Function of secretarial

- Recording the meeting and informing to member countries about.
- Preparing agenda to be discussed in general assembly meeting.
- Implementing the decision taken by the general assembly.
- Doing the work given by security cancel general assembly and other UN bodies.

UN Secretary General
Secretary GeneralTime PeriodCountry
1. Tryve Lie1946- 1953Norway
2. Dog Hammarsold         1953- 1961         Sweden
3. U. Thanta  1961-1971Myanmar
4. Kurt Waldheim  1972-1981Austria
5. Jauier perezde Cuellar1982-1991Peru
6. Boutros- Boutros Ghali 1992-1996Egypt
7. Koti Annan  1997-2006Ghana
8. Banki Moon   1st2007-Till NowS. Korea

3. Security Council
* Composition
- 15 member states (5 permanent China, France, the Russian Federation, the UK the USA /10 elected states by General assembly for 2 years)
- Decision required by General Assembly for 2 years.
- 9 votes required to make decision.
* Veto
Negative vote by permanent members of UN to reject any decision (Britain (the UK) is to apply this power twice)
* Function
- To maintain peace and security.
- To conduct peace keeping mission to troubled area (countries) eg
UNMIN (United Nation Mission in Nepal)
To make success the peace keeping process between Nepal government and most.

Chief of UNMIN
1st – Ian Martin
2nd – Karen Landgren

4. International court of justice
- Main judicial organ of UN
- World court
- Head quarters
- Hague of Netherlands (Holland)

* Composition
- 15 judges elected by general assembly and Security Council for 9 years
- Only one judge elected from one country

* Functions
- To settle the disputes between nations not individuals
5. The economic and social council
- Central body for Co-ordination the economic and social word of UN
- Has 54 member states
- One third (18) members are changed by election every year
- Proposal posed by a simple majority only one vote by one member country

* Related Organization of UN
I. FAO- Food and agricultural organization
Ii. WHO- World health organization
Iii. UNDP- United nations development programme
Iv. UNESCO- United nations educational scientific and cultural organization
V. UNICEF- United nation international children emergency fund
Vi. UNCHR- United nation high commission for refugees

* Functions
- World for social, cultural, humanitarian and economic activities
- Facilitating international cultural and education co-operation
- Encouraging universal respect for human right
- Identity social, cultural, humanitarian and Economical problems to solve them

* Commission set up for economic and social council
- Economic development and employment
- Status of women
- Control of narcotic drugs
- Population and transportation
- Finance
- Human right

6. The trust ship council
- Suspended (stop/ candled) in 1994
- To colonial territories and 11 original trust territories got independence

* Function
- To supervise the administration of trust territories
- To promote advancement of the dependent, territories and their progressive development towards self – Government

* UN Budget by different countries
S.N. UN countries & amount in %
1. USA22%
2. Nepal0.004%
3. Maldives0.001%
4. Bhutano.oo1%
Afghanistano.oo2%
6. Indiao.459%

* Why should Nepal send peace keeping force to UN

- Being a member of UN
- To fulfil the commitment of the world peace and security
- To show bravery and glorious history of Nepal
- To great mutual understanding among countries
- To learn new skills and technology
- To utilize Nepalese manpower for earning foreign currency
Unit 9 Lesson 2
1. International labour organization (ILO)
- Date of establishment: 11th April 1919 A.D
- Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

* Function
- work for welfare of international labour.
- Advocate for the welfare of workers.
- provide economic and social security to the workers.
- Formulate policies and programmes to improve working condition.

2. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
- Date of establishment: 16th Oct-1945 AD.
- Headquarters: Rome, Italy
* Function
- promotes food and agricultural product through effective training to the farmers
- reforms management of markets for agro-product and allocation of the product.
- to eliminate the hunger in both developed and developing countries.
- to growth international economy
3. United Nations Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (UNESCO)
- Date of establishment: 4th November. 1946 A.D
- Headquarters: Paris, France
* Function
- Preservation of natural and cultural heritage of the world.
- Promotes international co-operation through education, science and culture.
- works for globe peace and security.

4. World Health Organization (WHO)
- Date of establishment: 7th April, 1948
- Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
* Function
- to improve the condition of health
- to provide vaccination to eradicate various epidemics
- research works in medical science, health and diseases.

5. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- Date of establishment: 27th Dec, 1945 A.D.
- Headquarters: Washington D.C., USA
* Functions:
- promote the condition of International economy.
- develop and improve high level of employment and income. - provides loan to solve financial problems
- maintain balance of payment.

6. International Bank for Re-construction and Development (IBRD)
- Date of establishment: 27th Dec. 1945 A.D
- Headquarters:
* Functions
- increase their production and raise their living standard.
- to reduce the poverty of the member nation.
- provides monitory co-operation and financial stability.
- support, negotiation and advice on financial issues for member nation.

7. International Telecommunication (ITU)
- Date of establishment: 8th Oct, 1874 A.D.
- Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
* Functions:
- bring harmony to telecommunication service.
- Standardization an allocation of radios spectrum.
- Helps to expand communication network in the rural areas.
- develops technical facilities for better accessibility in the field of communication.

8. Universal Postal Union (UPU)
- Date of establishment: 8th oct, 1874 AD
- Headquarters: Berne, Switzerland
* Functions:
- Co-ordinates postal polices between member nations and makes worldwide effective postal service.
- fixes postal rate and rules in member countries.
- minimize the postal problem.

9. International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
- Establishment date: 17th March, 1958
- Headquarters: London, UK
* Function
- works for protection of shopping and sailors of member nation
- promotes co-operation among of nation to improve maritime safety.
- co-operation in international water and use of national water resources.

10. United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP)
- Establishment date: 22nd Nov. 1965
- Headquarter: New York, USA
* Function:
- helps to maintaining democratic governance.
- helps in poverty reduction.
- prevents and recovers from different sorts of crisis seen in the country.
11. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
- Establishment date: January 1, 1967 AD
- Headquarter: Vienna, Australia
* Function
- Provides technical support for industrial development
- promote mutual co-operation among the countries for the industrial growth.
- reduce poverty through productive activities.

12. World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
- Established date: 26th April, 1970 AD
- Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland
* Function
- Protects the Intellectual property.
- works for the welfare of originators protecting their copyright and relevant documents.

13. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
- Establishment date: 30 November, 1977 A.D.
- Headquarter: Rome, Italy
* Functions
- creates agricultural employment and market throughout the world.
- Encourage developing countries to invest agricultural development.

14. International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
- Founded date: 7th Dec, 1944 AD.
- Headquarters: Montreal Canada
- Establishment date: 4th April, 1947
* Functions
- Orderly develops and saves international civil aviation too.
- Provides obedience to international rules and co-operation in customs.

15. United Nation International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
- Established date: 11th December, 1946 AD
- Headquarter: New York, USA

Unit 9 Lesson 3
* UNO
* Introduction
- the number 66……..with plate and the flag of UNO identify vehicle of UNO.
- Total member are 193 countries.
- providing employment to about 65000 people
- Spend over 8 billion US $ annually for human welfare in the world.

* Required fund for UNO has been collected from following sources:
- i) It receives the donation from the member nations ranging from 0.001% to 30 on the basis of their economic status.
ii) Rich countries voluntarily donate the UNO to carry out various programmers under it.
iii) The USA, the developed North America country donates about 30% fund for UNO for launching various human welfare activities.
* Collected fund is spend for the following activities launched by the UNO for the welfare of the people and the country of the world.
- brings out various programmers to promote living standard of people in the world.
- Improves socio-economic and political condition of the member nation.
- carries out various activities to produce their international co-operation peace and harmony.
- brings various plans and programmes to eradicate various problems in the world.
- conduct programmes to empower the women in the world.
- works for child right, human right and solved the problems faced by children, women, disabled, refugees etc.
- working cultural and natural heritages
- protect environment from being polluted.

* Peace Keeping Force
- The trained armies, which is sent to the war victim countries in the request of UNO, to be mediator between two rebels and to control the war temporarily is called Peace Keeping force.
- It is set up in 1948 and Nepalese force were send in 1978 AD when Israel invaded (attack) Lebanon.
- Nepalese peace keeping force is working in Lebanon, Sudan, Haiti and Eastimor.

* Function of peace keeping force/duties
i) protects to both the warring factions from violent.
ii) Trains the national armies of the war victim countries.
iii) helps the war victim nations for infrastructural development.
iv) Supply food item, medicines and other required relief package to the people of war victim nation.
v) Clears mines and ambush and mak safety for the local people.
vi) Maintain peace and order in the war victim nations through diplomatic efforts and negotiation.

* UNMIN in Nepal
- full form is: United Nations Mission in Nepal.
- established on 23rd January 2007 AD as the aim to help the peace process in Nepal, under the leadership of Mr. Ian Martine.
- End on 15th January 2011 AD during the tenure of Karin Landgren.

* Major function of UNMIN
- the comprehensive peace accord was signed between the government of Nepal and CPN (Maoist) on 5th Mangsir 2063 under the UNMIN meditation which formally ended the ten years ago people's war of CPN (Maoist).
- It identified the Maoist combatants and kept them in Cantonments.
- It locked up the equal numbers of weapons of both Maoist and Nepal army.
- It helped to make the election of Constituent Assembly Successful.

SAARC
* Introduction
- South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) was established on December 8, 1985 AD.
- Establishment to maintain mutual cooperation among the South Asian Countries.
- Total member are 8 countries. i.e., Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Srilanka.

* Organizational structure of SAARC
- meeting of the heads of states of government
- council of minister
- standing committee
- technical committee
- action committee
- secretarial

* Objective of SAARC
- to promote the welfare of the people of South Asian countries and develop their living standard and quality of life.
- to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and to provide all individuals the opportunities to live the dignity.
- to promote and strengthen collective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia.
- To cooperate with international and regional organisation with similar aims and purposes.
- to contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one another's problems.
- to strengthen cooperation among themselves in international forums on matters of common interest.
- to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields, etc.

* SAARC Secretariat
SAARC Secretariat is the chief administrative body of SAARC which was established in Kathmandu on 16 January, 1987.