SELF HELP LEARNING

Some Ongoing Projects of Nepal Various projects related to the road system, drinking water, electricity, education, sanitation, health, etc. are being conducted in Nepal. Few of them have already been completed and some of them are on the way for its completion. Some of the examples of such projects are as follows: - Local Drinking Water and Sanitation Project in Western Nepal - launched by Nepal Government - to maintain the quality level of drinking water and sanitation in Dhaulagiri, Gandaki, Lumbini zones of Western Development Region and in Rapti zone of Mid-Western Development Region - with the help of Finland Government. Development of School Area - launched by Nepal Government - in all 75 districts - aims to provide educational materials to the children deprived from quality of education - supported by different donors - The physical development of infrastructure, the establishment of children development centre, curriculum, teachers' training, etc. Dhulikhel-Sin...

Drinking Water - basic need of life - impossible to survive withiut it - home for aquatic animal Use of Water -domestic use: drinking, cooking, bathing, cleaning - hydro-electricity - irrigation - transportation - recreation Sources of Water - river, sea, lake, pond, rain, well, tubewell Status of Drinking Water - In Kathmandu, Bir Shamsher made tap water available for the first time. - At present, Drinking Water Corporation is responsible for water supply in the Kathmandu valley. - People in the rural area have to walk a day just to fetch a bucket of water. - the people of cities also can't get water from their taps regularly. - People of the Terai have to depend on the underground water - Poisonous chemical named arsenic has been found in the underground drinking water

Importance of Development Regions and Federal State - Country is divide into different autonomous state or provinces - Separate government - Federal government in centre - Three administrative units: Central Government, State Government, Local Bodies Some of the importance of development regions: - To run the administrative work effectively - To utilize resources maximally - To prevent migration - To participate local people in the mainstream of development - To develop social harmony and national unity Advantages of Federal System: - Federal Government can solve political, social, economic problems of particular regions. - It maintains a close relationship between state and peoples. - It uses the available resources. - Accelerates developmental activities. Carry out proportional development. - It can make its own policy for the welfare of the government. - It maximises the uses of government. - It has room for innovation and experiments. Disadvantages of Federal Sy...

Good Governance Governance - the system or manner the government works in - using political power for the management of various affairs of a state is governance - describes the process of decision-making and process by which its decisions are carried out Good governance - decisions are taken and carried out in fair manner - decisions directed towards the promotion of public welfare - political power should be used in favour of people - IMF, ADB or World Bank agree to offer aid and loans on the condition that reforms for good governance Features of Good Governance - Participation - Accountability - Responsiveness - Transparency - Rule of Law - Consensus - Equality and inclusiveness - Effectiveness and efficiency Obstacles of Good Governance in Nepal - Low level of political awareness - Misconception - Poverty - Lack of appropriate policies and programmes - System-based administration - Political instability - Institutional corruption - Lack of enough public pr...

Our Development Regions Some information regarding Nepal Continent: Asia (South) Longitude: 8004' E to 88012'E Latitude: 26o22'N to 30o27' N Area: 1, 47,181 sq.km. Borders: India in the south, east and west and China in the north Length from east to west: 885km Breadth from north to south: 193km Nearest Sea: Bay of Bengal (more than 1100 km away) EASTERN DEVELOPMENT REGION Headquarters: Dhankuta Zones: Mechi-4, Koshi-6 & Sagarmatha-6 No. of Districts: 16 Largest District: Taplejing (3646 sq. km.) Smallest District: Terhathum (679 sq. km.) Area: 28,456 sq.  km. Population: 21.93% Major mountains: Sagarmatha (8848m- Solukhumbu- climbed in 2010 BS), Kanchanjungha (8586m- Taplejung- climbed by british & Sherpa in 2012 BS), Makalu (8463m- Sankhuwasabha), Cho Oyu (8201 m- Solukhumbu), Lhotse (8516 m- Solukhubu),  Makalu-Barun Major Rivers: Saptakoshi (duitali asut- ali), Mechi National Pa...

Development - The positive changes brought by humans in their life - a change which brings improvement in the lives of everyone in the country - Dynamic & can be slow or fast - faster due to honest, hardworking and energetic people - educated, trained, healthy and wealthy human resource good for nation - not equal everywhere Condition of Nation - Western Europe have been developing rapidly for 200 years & considered as developed - most people enjoy the high standard of living - Africa, Asia and South America have only been developing for about 50 years and for historical or geographical reasons these developing nations are much poorer - low living standard of people Process of Development - takes place with the proper utilisation of available means and resources. - health, education, transport and communication: essentials factors kown as infrastructures of development The economy of a country is stronger if it has more export and less import. Money earned from e...

The Federal System of Government - Country is divide into different autonomous state or provinces - Separate government - Federal government in centre - Three administrative units: Central Government, State Government, Local Bodies Power and authority of Central Government - Foreign affairs - National monetary policy - National security and military management - National transportation services - Large scale projects Power and authority of provincial/state Government - Formulate state law - Public security, mobilization police - Local development activities - Small and medium projects - Preserve language, art and culture Note: Federal Government controls all the administrative activities if State Government is inactive. The countries with federal system= 27 (India= 28) Merits of Federal System of Government - Maintain close relation between the state and its people - Conflict may settle at local level - Maximum use of means and resources - Balanced populat...

Agriculture - the production of food or other materials by farming, both by planting crops and keeping animals - provides food for people and animals as well as raw materials for industries - Types of crops cultivated and species of animals reared and their products depends on climate, a fertility of soil, a technology used etc. application of the improved irrigation system, seeds, and fertilizers, trained, modern tools etc can help to grow the products Importance of agriculture - supports nearly 40% of the national economy.    - provides job opportunity - source of raw matetial for industry.             - source of food stuff Problems of Agriculture - Traditional farming: - Lack of proper irrigation system: - Lack of transport and market: - Unscientific and undemocratic distribution of land: - Over pressure of manpower: - Poor economic condition: - Lack of research activities: Ways to overcome thi...

Unit 9 Lesson 1 * UNO - United Nation Organization - Number of member countries- 193 - Last member- Montenegro. - Date of establishment- 24th OCT 1945 - No of countries at the time establishment- 51 - Membership by Nepal- 1955, Dec 14th - Official language English, preach, Chinese, Russian Spanish and Arabic. - Arabic is the last languages . * Atlantic charter - Treaty signed in the Atlantic Ocean in 1941 - By us president franklin D. Rios event and British PM, western Churchill. - Organization for collective peace and security in the world during 2nd world war. - On 26th June 1945           So countries at San Francisco signed at the charter of UNO - Successor of the league of nation. - Aims and objectives of UNO. - To maintain peace and security in the world. - To maintain friendly relation among countries. - To develop social, economic, human right issue. - To achieve international co-operation in solving several prob...

Unit 8 Lesson 1 * Tourist: person who visits one place to another inside the same country or abroad for different purpose (business, pleasure, education, spend holiday, pilgrimage etc.) * Tourism Industry: Business activities related to the provision of accommodation entertainment supplied a services to the tourist * Domestic/ National Tourist: Person who visits any place region within the same country. * International Tourist - Person who visit any place or region of another countries - International tourist requires visa for travelling abroad - National / domestic tourism industry is more develop then international tourism industry * Reason for Traveling - For recreation - To learn new life - style and culture - For education - For official work - For visiting religious places- For relaxing from over work - To change the climate * Importance of tourism Industry - Earning foreign currency - Increase job opportunity - Support of cottage industry- Making our country kn...

First World War Almost all the countries were affected War between Allied Power and Central Power Causes of WW I Groupism - Atton Van Bismark annexed Alsace and Lorraine, two provinces of France to Germany after a war of 1870-71 - Being afraid of future attack by France, so made treaty with Austria- Hungery and Italy (known as Triple Alliance) - France treaty with England and Russia (known as Triple Entente) - Europe was divided into two hostile group Militarism - Two groups spent large amount on  militarism force Germany and England increased naval force - England built double number than Germany Economic Imperialism - Europe needed market to sell products and acquire new materials - Searched new place for market - England and France colonized many Asian and African countries - Spain and Portugal colonized South America - Colonizations created Tension among countrties Charter of William II - Grabbed the power of Germany from Bismark - Arrogant and proud German ...

Some other Important Dates of Nepalese History - 2003 BS ( establishment of National Nepali Congress - 2005 BS( establishment of Nepali Democratic Congress - 17th Chaitra, 2007 BS( Cabinet passed the Interim constitution of Nepal 2007 - 25th Kartik, 2008 BS ( Cabinet member from Nepali congress Resigned - 2010 B.S ( Five member advisory government dissolved - 2011 B.S ( Government of Malrika prashad koirala dissolved - 2012 B.S ( Government of Tanka Prashad Acharya formed - 2013 B.S ( Government of Tanka prashad Acharya dissolved - 2013 B.S (Government of Dr.KI (Kunwar Indrajeet) Singh formed. - 21st Mangsir, 2014 (( Government formed on the chairmanship Subarna Shumsher - 1st Falgun, 2015  ( Promulgation of the constitution of Nepal – 2015 B.S - 7th Falgun, 2015 ( First general election held - 13th Jestha, 2016 ( B.P Koirala formed cabinet - 1st Paush, 2017 ( King Mahendra dismissed elected government of Nepali congress, suspended parliament, imprisionated the ...

Delhi Agreement and of revolution of 2007 BS * Beginning of Rana rule - Junga Bahadur Rana became the Prime minister of Nepal in 1903 BS after the kot massacre (kot parva) - After month of disputes in the country coalition ministry was formed in Sep 1845 AD in the leading of Fateh Junga Chautarlya - Real power was in the hand of Gagan Singh favourite of Queen Laxmi Devi - Junga bahadur controls 1 regiment Abhiman singh controls 1 regiment but Gagan Singh controls 7 regiments - Gagan singh was murdered mysteriously on 14th Sep 1846 - Queen assembled entire military and administrative in Kathmandu court and a place kot to find out the murderer of Gagan singh - Queen became sentiments -> people blamed Pandes -> Queen ordered Abhiman singh to execute Pandes but he hesitated - Huge fight broke out among the military and administrative - After killing all the opponents Junga Bahadur became the P.M and exiled around 6000 people to India * Revolution 2007 - Armed revolution b...