SELF HELP LEARNING

 Garbage management is a big problem in Nepal. With the growth of cities and population, waste is increasing every day. Many people throw garbage on roads, rivers, and open spaces. This makes the environment dirty and unhealthy. In cities like Kathmandu, piles of waste can be seen in many places. Poor garbage management causes bad smells and spreads diseases. It also harms animals and pollutes water sources. Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems because it does not decay easily. There are some efforts to manage waste properly. The government and local bodies collect garbage from houses. Some people separate waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable items. Recycling and composting are also slowly increasing. However, more work is needed. People should be aware of keeping their surroundings clean. They should use dustbins and reduce the use of plastic. Schools can teach students about cleanliness and waste management. In conclusion, garbage management is everyone’s respon...

1 absorb soak up, take in अवशोषण गर्नु The sponge can absorb a lot of water. 2 accommodate adapt, adjust अनुकूल बनाउनु The hotel can accommodate 200 guests. 3 acquire gain, obtain प्राप्त गर्नु She acquired fluency in French within a year. 4 adapt adjust, modify अनुकूल बनाउनु Animals adapt to their environment to survive. 5 adopt accept, take on स्वीकार गर्नु The school adopted a new teaching method. 6 address deal with, tackle समाधान गर्नु We need to address the issue of climate change. 7 adjust modify, adapt ठिक पार्नु He quickly adjusted to the new working hours. 8 allocate distribute, assign बाँडफाँड गर्नु The government allocated funds for education. 9 analyze examine, break down विश्लेषण गर्नु Scientists analyze data to find patterns. 10 anticipate expect, foresee अपेक्षा गर्नु We anticipate a rise in prices next month. 11 assemble gather, collect भेला गर्नु We need to assemble the team for the project. 12 assert declare, state confidently दाबी गर्नु She asserted her innocence in...

एकाइ ३ शिक्षाका विभिन्न परम्परा तथा अभ्यास ३.१ शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्परा  - आमाबाबुहरू र तिनिहरूका बच्चाहरू एकै ठाँउमा समुह बनाएर बस्नु परिवार हो। - शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्परा भनेको पारिवारिक शिक्षा र पारिवारिक शिक्षाको प्रचलन भनेको हो।  - धेरै वर्ष पहिले देखि परिवारबाट शिक्षा दिने प्रक्रिया शुरु भएकोले यसलाई शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्परा भनिएको हो। - पारिवारिक प्रथा, संस्कृति लगायत पारिवारिक सिपबारे आउने पुस्तालाई सिकाउनु पारिवारिक शिक्षा वा परम्परा हुन्। शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्पराको महत्तव - घरपरिवारबाट आफ्ना छोराछोरीलाई आफ्नो संस्कृति, प्रथा परम्पराबारे जानकार गराउन - आफ्नो कूल, वंशले परम्पराबाट गर्दै आएको संस्कार बचाएर राख्न - शिक्षित आमाबाबुका छोराछोरी पढाई लेखाई प्रतिलगनशिल बनाउन - आफ्ना पूर्खाहरूले निर्माण गरेका कला-संस्कृति, पेशा-व्यवसायलाई र संरक्षण र सम्बर्धन गर्न - आफ्नो वंश परम्पराको संरक्षण गरि अझ विकसित तथा आकर्षित बनाउन ३.२ समुदाय तथा आश्रममा आधारित शिक्षाको परम्परा १. समुदाय शिक्षा - एउटै जात, धर्म, संस्कार वा मान्यताका मानिसहरुको जमातलाई समुदाय वा सम्प्राय भनिन्...

एकाइ २ शिक्षाका विभिन्न दृष्टिकोणहरू २.१ उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाको परिचय र विशेषता २.१. १ उपयोगितावादी शिक्षा - उपयोगमा आउन सक्ने शिक्षालाई उपयोगितावादी शिक्षा भनिन्छ। - प्राप्त शिक्षाको व्यवहारमा लागू गर्नु पर्ने मान्यता उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाको हो। - समस्या समाधान तथा अनुभवलाई प्राथमिकतामा राख्ने शिक्षा। - उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाले सीपमूलक, रोजगारमूलक, व्यवसायमूलक, पेशागत तथा जीविकोपार्जन गर्ने शिक्षामा जोड दिन्छ। - यो Utilitarian School of Thought बाट प्रतिपादित शिक्षाको दृष्टिकोणलाई उपयोगितावादी शिक्षा हो। - उपयोगितावादी सिद्धान्तको वकालत सर्वप्रथम दार्शनिक तथा कानूनविद Jeremy Benham (the father of Utilitarianism) ले सन् १७८९ मा गरे। - उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाको शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण आनन्दवादी वा सन्तुष्टवादी (Hedonistic Theory) सिद्धान्त मा आधारित छ। - यो शिक्षाबाट समाजलाई पूर्ण रूपमा सन्तुष्टि प्रदान गर्ने सिकाईको सिद्धान्त हो। - उपयोगितावादी शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोणले पाठ्यक्रमको नतिजाबाट प्राप्त खुसी र दुःखका व्यवहार, प्रवृत्तिहरू, दृष्टिकोणहरू, मान्यताहरू र चाहनाहरूको मापन गर्छ।  उपयोगितावादी दर...

The Roles of Youths in Nation Building Youths are the future of any country. They have energy, fresh ideas, and the ability to bring change. If they work hard and act responsibly, they can help build a strong and successful nation. One important role of youths is in education. When young people learn well and gain skills, they can use their knowledge to improve society. Educated youths become doctors, engineers, teachers, and leaders who help the country grow. Another role of youths is to keep peace and unity. They should respect all people and avoid fights. By spreading love and kindness, they can make the country a better place to live. Youths also help in economic growth. They can start businesses, work in offices and factories, and create new technology. Hardworking young people make the nation rich and successful. Additionally, youths can take care of the environment. They can plant trees, clean their surroundings, and save water. A clean and green country is good for everyone. La...

Ranjit Singh Chauhan is an English language educator based in Mahottari, Nepal. He teaches at Durga Secondary School and is dedicated to helping learners improve their English skills. He is the creator of the 'Self Help Learning' YouTube channel, which offers educational content focused on grammar, vocabulary, and communication. Additionally, he maintains a blog (ranjitks.blogspot.com) titled 'SELF HELP LEARNING', where he provides articles, practice questions, and other learning resources. Ranjit Singh Chauhan also manages a Facebook page called 'Self Help Learning by Ranjit Sir', where he interacts with students and shares updates related to education.

Exercise  1. Amrita is ………useful member in our club. (a, an, the)  2. This is ……..place which I like to visit most. (a, an, the)  3. He plays ……. guitar well. (a, an, the)  4. Nile is ……..longest river in the world (a, an, the) 5. It is ….one rupee note. (a, an, the)  6. That is ………..book I like most. (a, an, the)  7. She is ……………..MBBS doctor (a, an, the)  8. Mr. Joshi is …….honorable person. (a, an, the)  9. We played ……football yesterday. (a, an, the, no article)  10. New zealand is …..island. (a, an, the) 11. There is …..ewe beside him, (a, an, the)  12. John is from ……village. (a, an, the)  13. Peter is from……USA. (a, an, the)  14. I like……computer. (a, an, the)  15. Who invented……telephone? (a, an, the)  16. She went to……..school as usual. (a, an, the, no article)  17. They went to………temple to observe its architecture. (a, an, the, no article)  18. …………milk in the bottle is fresh. (A, An, The)  19...

Advantages of Social Media Social media helps us stay connected with friends and family, even if they are far away. We can share pictures, messages, and videos quickly. It is also a good place to learn new things and meet people from different parts of the world. Sometimes, we can find helpful information for our studies or hobbies. Disadvantages of Social Media   However, social media can also have some problems. Spending too much time on it can take away time from schoolwork or playing outside. Sometimes, people might say mean things online, which can hurt feelings. There is also a chance of meeting strangers who might not be nice, so it's important to be careful and use social media wisely.

Soft Storm  Summary  "Soft Strom" is a poem written by creative Nepali poet, Abhi Subedi. This poem is written in free verse with a beautiful blend of natural and social description. Simply, it shows the journey of the speaker through narrow lane and lightening of Kathmandu city at night but in its deeper sense, it projects people's indifference feelings towards miserable conditions and sufferings of the people, male practices, tumult atmosphere, and chaos in the Nepalese society. The main theme of the poem "Soft Storm," is that the poet has developed indifference feeling over the absurdities of tumultuous times in the Nepalese society. In other words, the poet thinks about the contemporary situation of the Nepalese society. The poet is not happy with the present situation of the country and warns all the concerned authorities to think in time. Otherwise, he sees a revolution in near future. Dwell upon the Text a. When does the speaker grow soft? Enlist the occ...

The Awakening Age  Summary: In the poem "The Awakening Age," the poet Ben Okri depicts the struggles of African people and offers a demand for unity, peace, and solidarity among human beings from all over the world. This poem depicts how Nigerians have suffered a long history of starvation, poverty, unemployment, and conflicts (ethnic, religious, political, terrorism, militancy, electoral, and so on) that have rendered them a vulnerable community. Northern Nigeria has been oppressing the Igho group, which has resulted in ethnoreligious conflict. The poem depicts the narrative of a people whose optimism binds them together like glue, even though they are led by invisible powers. Dwell upon the Text a. Who are the people 'who travel the meridian line'? = The people who travel the meridian lines are people who cross the border of their countries in search of opportunities and jobs. b. What does the poet mean by 'a new world'? = ‘A new world' for the poet is t...

The Half-Closed Eyes of the Buddha and the Slowly Sinking Sun Main Summary: "The Half-Closed Eyes of the Buddha and the Slowly Sinking Sun" by Shankar Lamichhane is a simple story being told through a discussion between two characters: a tourist and a guide. It was included in the anthology Himalayan Voice: An Introduction to Modern Nepali Literature, which was released in 1991. The story is set in and around Kathmandu, Nepal's capital city. In the story, both of the characters act as narrators. The first is a Nepali guide, and the second is a foreign tourist. However, the western tourist pretends to be an expert, saying, "I could take you along your ancient ways." "You are my tour guide for today, but I feel I can help guide you as well," the Nepali guide replies, indicating that he understands more about the subject at hand. The story begins with a pleasant  atmospheric description of the Kathmandu valley, complete with visual beauty and various colo...

Read the poem and do the following exercise:  Leave This Chanting Leave this chanting and singing and telling of beads! Whom dost thou worship in this lonely dark corner of a temple with doors all shut? Open thine eyes and see thy God is not before thee! He is there where the tiller is tilling the hard ground and where the pathmaker is breaking stones. He is with them in sun and in shower, and his garment is covered with dust. Put off thy holy mantle and even like him come down on the dusty soil! Deliverance? Where is this deliverance to be found? Our master himself has joyfully taken upon him the bonds of creation; he is bound with us all for ever. Come out of thy meditations and leave aside thy flowers and incense! What harm is there if thy clothes become tattered and stained? Meet him and stand by him in toil and in sweat of thy brow. 1. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column 3.  Column A Column B  a) meditation (i) full of dirty marks ' _...

My Old Home Summary  Lu Xun's ‘My Old Home" is an autobiographical novel about the authors' persona, Lu Xun, as the narrator and his memories which he is recalling of his childhood in his brilliant home. He can't describe how much he loved it and how proud he was to grow up in the home. The story projects the conflict between recollections and realities. The narrator revisits his Old Home after twenty years in 1911 during the overthrow of the Qin Dynasty; he doesn't believe his eyes at first. Here, his Old House as a symbol represents his old recollections. He is greeted by his mother and nephew. So many changes have been made but not in positive tracks rather he finds his house in a ruined position, twenty years of weather, renovations and other families. Lu Xun reconciles with his relatives including Mrs Yang, a neighbour who accuses him of being miserly. Xun feels ashamed when the bean curd lady says he is being miserly for he does not want to give away his furn...

Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Summary A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez narrates the story of Pelayo and his wife Elisenda, who discover an old man with wings in their courtyard after killing crabs in a rainstorm. Pelayo, a poor fisherman, discovers a homeless, disoriented old man with incredibly huge wings in his courtyard. The old man speaks in an unfamiliar language. As a result, he and his wife speak with him in vain. Pelayo and his wife, Elisenda, believe after consulting a neighbour woman that the old guy must be an angel that attempted to come to take their sick child to heaven. The neighbour woman advises Pelayo to club the angel to death. And they lock the angel in the chicken coop, and their child's fever breaks in the middle of the night. As a result, Pelayo and Elisenda feel sorry for their visitor. The local priest, Father Gonzaga, tells the people that the old man is most likely a fake angel because he is shabby and does not speak Latin. ...