SELF HELP LEARNING

 My Family My family is small and happy. There are five members in my family: my father, my mother, my brother, my sister, and me. We live together in a lovely home. My father is a hardworking man. He works every day for our family. My mother is kind and caring. She cooks delicious food and takes care of us. My brother and sister are very friendly. We study and play together. We help each other with our work. We also share our toys and things. We love and respect each other. We eat our meals together and talk about our day. During holidays, we enjoy spending time together. Our family is full of love and joy. I love my family very much. My family always helps me when I have a problem. They teach me good habits and good manners. I feel safe and happy with my family. I am proud of my family.

 My School My school is a beautiful place where I learn many new things. It is near my home. My school has a big building, clean classrooms, and a nice playground. I love going to school every day. My teachers are kind, helpful, and friendly. They teach us with love and care. They help us when we do not understand our lessons. I respect all my teachers. My school has many students. I have many good friends there. We study, play, and learn together. We also take part in different games and school activities. Our school has a library with many useful books. We also have a clean garden with beautiful flowers and trees. Our playground is a good place to play football, cricket, and other games. I am proud of my school. It teaches me good habits, good manners, and useful knowledge. I love my school very much. I always try to keep my school clean and make my teachers proud.

Coronavirus is a dangerous virus that caused a worldwide disease called COVID-19. It was first reported in China in 2019. It spread quickly from one country to another. Many people became sick, and many people lost their lives. Coronavirus spreads mainly from an infected person to another person. It can spread through tiny drops when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face can also spread the virus. Coronavirus had many negative effects. Many people became sick and died. Schools, offices, shops, and factories were closed. Many people lost their jobs and businesses. Students could not go to school normally. People also felt fear, stress, and loneliness. There were some positive effects too. People learned the importance of cleanliness and personal health. They started washing their hands regularly and wearing masks. Families spent more time together. Online classes and online work became more common. Pollution als...

 Garbage management is a big problem in Nepal. With the growth of cities and population, waste is increasing every day. Many people throw garbage on roads, rivers, and open spaces. This makes the environment dirty and unhealthy. In cities like Kathmandu, piles of waste can be seen in many places. Poor garbage management causes bad smells and spreads diseases. It also harms animals and pollutes water sources. Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems because it does not decay easily. There are some efforts to manage waste properly. The government and local bodies collect garbage from houses. Some people separate waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable items. Recycling and composting are also slowly increasing. However, more work is needed. People should be aware of keeping their surroundings clean. They should use dustbins and reduce the use of plastic. Schools can teach students about cleanliness and waste management. In conclusion, garbage management is everyone’s respon...

1 absorb soak up, take in अवशोषण गर्नु The sponge can absorb a lot of water. 2 accommodate adapt, adjust अनुकूल बनाउनु The hotel can accommodate 200 guests. 3 acquire gain, obtain प्राप्त गर्नु She acquired fluency in French within a year. 4 adapt adjust, modify अनुकूल बनाउनु Animals adapt to their environment to survive. 5 adopt accept, take on स्वीकार गर्नु The school adopted a new teaching method. 6 address deal with, tackle समाधान गर्नु We need to address the issue of climate change. 7 adjust modify, adapt ठिक पार्नु He quickly adjusted to the new working hours. 8 allocate distribute, assign बाँडफाँड गर्नु The government allocated funds for education. 9 analyze examine, break down विश्लेषण गर्नु Scientists analyze data to find patterns. 10 anticipate expect, foresee अपेक्षा गर्नु We anticipate a rise in prices next month. 11 assemble gather, collect भेला गर्नु We need to assemble the team for the project. 12 assert declare, state confidently दाबी गर्नु She asserted her innocence in...

एकाइ ३ शिक्षाका विभिन्न परम्परा तथा अभ्यास ३.१ शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्परा  - आमाबाबुहरू र तिनिहरूका बच्चाहरू एकै ठाँउमा समुह बनाएर बस्नु परिवार हो। - शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्परा भनेको पारिवारिक शिक्षा र पारिवारिक शिक्षाको प्रचलन भनेको हो।  - धेरै वर्ष पहिले देखि परिवारबाट शिक्षा दिने प्रक्रिया शुरु भएकोले यसलाई शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्परा भनिएको हो। - पारिवारिक प्रथा, संस्कृति लगायत पारिवारिक सिपबारे आउने पुस्तालाई सिकाउनु पारिवारिक शिक्षा वा परम्परा हुन्। शिक्षामा पारिवारिक परम्पराको महत्तव - घरपरिवारबाट आफ्ना छोराछोरीलाई आफ्नो संस्कृति, प्रथा परम्पराबारे जानकार गराउन - आफ्नो कूल, वंशले परम्पराबाट गर्दै आएको संस्कार बचाएर राख्न - शिक्षित आमाबाबुका छोराछोरी पढाई लेखाई प्रतिलगनशिल बनाउन - आफ्ना पूर्खाहरूले निर्माण गरेका कला-संस्कृति, पेशा-व्यवसायलाई र संरक्षण र सम्बर्धन गर्न - आफ्नो वंश परम्पराको संरक्षण गरि अझ विकसित तथा आकर्षित बनाउन ३.२ समुदाय तथा आश्रममा आधारित शिक्षाको परम्परा १. समुदाय शिक्षा - एउटै जात, धर्म, संस्कार वा मान्यताका मानिसहरुको जमातलाई समुदाय वा सम्प्राय भनिन्...

एकाइ २ शिक्षाका विभिन्न दृष्टिकोणहरू २.१ उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाको परिचय र विशेषता २.१. १ उपयोगितावादी शिक्षा - उपयोगमा आउन सक्ने शिक्षालाई उपयोगितावादी शिक्षा भनिन्छ। - प्राप्त शिक्षाको व्यवहारमा लागू गर्नु पर्ने मान्यता उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाको हो। - समस्या समाधान तथा अनुभवलाई प्राथमिकतामा राख्ने शिक्षा। - उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाले सीपमूलक, रोजगारमूलक, व्यवसायमूलक, पेशागत तथा जीविकोपार्जन गर्ने शिक्षामा जोड दिन्छ। - यो Utilitarian School of Thought बाट प्रतिपादित शिक्षाको दृष्टिकोणलाई उपयोगितावादी शिक्षा हो। - उपयोगितावादी सिद्धान्तको वकालत सर्वप्रथम दार्शनिक तथा कानूनविद Jeremy Benham (the father of Utilitarianism) ले सन् १७८९ मा गरे। - उपयोगितावादी शिक्षाको शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण आनन्दवादी वा सन्तुष्टवादी (Hedonistic Theory) सिद्धान्त मा आधारित छ। - यो शिक्षाबाट समाजलाई पूर्ण रूपमा सन्तुष्टि प्रदान गर्ने सिकाईको सिद्धान्त हो। - उपयोगितावादी शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोणले पाठ्यक्रमको नतिजाबाट प्राप्त खुसी र दुःखका व्यवहार, प्रवृत्तिहरू, दृष्टिकोणहरू, मान्यताहरू र चाहनाहरूको मापन गर्छ।  उपयोगितावादी दर...